UPS systems/frequency converters

UPS systems are technical devices in the field of electrical engineering that ensure that important systems and installations continue to be supplied with power without interruption during power fluctuations. UPS stands for uninterruptible power supply. Electronic devices that are connected to critical systems depend on a continuous, uninterrupted power supply. In many cases, a minimal interruption to the power supply can cause data loss or shut down life-saving systems. A UPS system is a power supply system that protects electrical devices and systems from interruptions to the power supply during mains failures or power outages. In the event of a power failure, the UPS system maintains the power supply without interruption until the mains supply is restored or a generator switches the supply back on. Nowadays, a sudden power outage will affect most businesses and public authorities immensely. However, in addition to power outages, electrical equipment can be negatively affected by other electrical loads. Electrical devices are therefore susceptible to undervoltage, overvoltage, voltage drops, mains failures, voltage spikes, etc. These types of electrical loads can also have a negative impact on sensitive systems. A UPS system therefore offers the simple possibility of guaranteeing an uninterruptible power supply and thus ensures the permanent operability of the digitalized world. UPS systems are divided into three categories: UPS offline/standby, UPS line interactive and UPS online/double conversion.

Information on AC UPS systems/frequency converters can be found here

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Offline/standby UPS systems

This type of UPS system only protects against power failures and short-term voltage fluctuations, but provides an uninterruptible supply from a backup battery. Any undervoltages or overvoltages are not compensated. However, offline UPSs automatically switch to battery operation in the event of undervoltage or overvoltage. Due to the switchover time to battery operation of 4 to 10 ms, faults below this time are not detected.

Line Interactive

This UPS works in a similar way to an offline UPS. It protects against mains failure, short-term voltage fluctuations and can also permanently control voltage fluctuations. Line Interactive UPS systems are used in areas that are affected by voltage fluctuations and ensure a reliable uninterruptible power supply.

Online UPS systems

The online UPS is the most complex and comprehensive solution for an uninterruptible power supply. When using an online UPS, the backup battery or battery charger is replaced by an inverter. The online UPS therefore counts as a power generator that can generate its own permanent mains voltage. In addition to the permanent power supply, this UPS also charges the battery at the same time. The input voltage may fluctuate, but the output voltage corresponds to a sinusoidal curve and has better characteristics than power operation from a socket. Online UPSs also have galvanic isolation or an isolating transformer to filter out even more interference via the earth conductor. The permanent load on these UPS systems causes electrical losses and heat losses, thus reducing the efficiency of the UPS to 90 %. Due to the permanent load on the battery, the service life here is approx. 3 to 4 years.